-> ,validPeriod= Jean-Claude Juncker - European Commission President - during a conversation with Vladimir Putin. Penalties for Russia will be extended (Dmitry Lovetsky (AP Photo / Dmitry Lovetsky)) 1 -> Economic sanctions are the EU's response to the fiercer war in Donbas. Quite early on they wanted the British (pushed by the US), the Poles and the Baltic countries, but the countries ociągały center (Germany, France). Strong was the camp among the pigeons Italy, Greece, Slovakia, Hungary. However, shot down in July 2014. Donbas on a plane flying from the Netherlands to Malaysia quite changed public attitudes even in the pigeon countries, including the Netherlands. This allowed the tightening policy towards Moscow. The sanctions were introduced from August 2014., And the Kremlin did not give up the open intervention in Donbas - tightened them in September 2014. What are the penalties? Restrictions shaven so as not to have made too much damage to Europe (hence the exemption of the gas sector). And since their imposition (and extensions) you need unanimity of all EU countries, they had to be prepared as well as to give a chance consensus of 28 countries with different economic, political and cultural ties with Moscow. - This is a very robust package sankcyjny - commented the US diplomats, although our part of Europe firmly shook her nose that is too mild. Penalties include, among others, significant restrictions on access to Western capital markets for five Russian state banks and similar restrictions for Rosneft, Gazprom-Nieftu, Transneft and several arms companies. And moreover, the ban on new contracts for the sale of weapons, a ban on exports to Russia many modern technologies and equipment - including the exploration and exploitation of oil shale and underwater oil deposits in the Arctic. They were coordinated with the US as well as Canada, Japan, Australia, Norway, which introduced its sanctions. In retaliation, Moscow imposed an embargo on a large part of agricultural imports from the EU. How much Russia? Western sanctions (and Russian kontrsankcje) in 2015. suit - according to estimates of the US - the decline in Russia's GDP by 1-1.5 per cent .. thus, for a smaller part of the recession (a total of 3.7 percent. GDP) due primarily declining prices oil, and in part also to reinvent the effects of mismanagement and the economic policy of Moscow. Russian recession this year is projected at 1.9 percent. Of GDP, and the direct impact of sanctions should be - according to Western assessments - much smaller than in 2015. In contrast, restrictions continue to deter many investors (many Western merchants kept away from the May auction of Russian bonds denominated in euro). And this worsens the prospects for a decent economic recovery in Russia. Are restrictions are effective? Sanctions especially at the beginning even reinforce anti-Western mobilization of the Russians. However, the Kremlin strongly strives for the abolition apparently out of fear that the decline in wages and economic difficulties can undermine support for the president, as well as the cohesion of the elite. - It may soon test the theory that consolidation around the leadership under the influence of external pressure turns sooner or later in anger against the authorities responsible for the long economic difficulties - wrote a Russian political scientist Lilia Shevtsova. But whether the penalties, the most powerful weapon of the West slow to serious retrofitting Kiev, proved to be an effective tool for fighting the war? There is no shortage of skeptics, but both US diplomacy and European proponents of sanctions argue that "contributed to the profit and loss statement Putin in Ukraine." Does not annul its strategic objectives, but they were one of the reasons to change tactics - still tends to weaken Ukraine in order to prevent its rapprochement with the West, but not through war. This gives time to the Ukrainians and the entrenchment of the reform. - Russia gave up the offensive in Mariupol in 2015. Among others fear of tightening sanctions - explains one of the high western diplomats in Brussels. The warning that an escalation would mean tightening sanctions, repeated even in the May statement, the G7, despite the fact that in the EU increasingly vocal are the opponents of restrictions. How sanctions are beating Europeans at pocket? European Commission in unofficial analyzes from 2014. estimated that in the period 2014-2015 will reduce EU GDP by a total of 0.2-0.3 percent. GDP (then he never officially were counted). Trade between the EU and Russia fell from 326 billion in 2013. To 210 billion euros in 2015. (36 percent.), What most struck her biggest EU economic partners - Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, France, but also Poland. However, a large, though difficult to accurately estimate, part of this decline is a direct result of the sanctions (and kontrsankcji), but the result of the Russian recession, driven primarily by low oil prices. France lost 250 million euros in canceling the contract for providing Russia two Mistral amphibious assault ships and resell them to Egypt (EU sanctions not required, because the contract with Moscow was a few years ago). Italian entrepreneurs lament that in trade with Russia lost 3.5 billion euros per year. It's just that to a large extent these losses do not come from the sectors covered by the restrictions. Russian kontrsankcje cover the products whose exports to the Union in 2013. Was worth 5 billion euros - of which 922 million euro in Lithuania (2.6 per cent. GDP), 840 million from the Polish (0.2 per cent. GDP), 589 million Germany (0.02 per cent. of GDP). Brussels was offset only part of the losses, but now estimates that most of the victims exporters already found new markets outside Russia. - Sanctions can be expensive, but fortunately the countries of Europe have suffered much less than would the Russian propaganda. Some have been affected more than others. In particular, the Baltic countries and Finland. Therefore, we must stick together - said last week, Daniel Fried, the US coordinator for. Sanctions (and former ambassador in Warsaw). Subscribe to digital Electoral available through the internet, phone, tablet and e-book reader, from 19.90 per month Treason! To assess Login or zarejestrujX
Why so much look for?
I do not believe the PiS government did not support Orban in the fight for the lifting of sanctions?! 
What is the point of the sanctions on the country from which it depends on the implementation of the agreements Minsk?
A Ukraine made no point of agreement and west passes over the agenda. These are the European values?