Nobel in physics was awarded for the study of exotic States of matter rmf24.pl

British, David J. Thouless of the University of Washington, M. F. Duncan Haldane of Princeton University, and Michael Kosterlitz of brown University received this year’s Nobel Prize in physics. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences noted for their “theoretical discovery of topological phase transitions and topological States of matter”. As noted in the official explanation of the year winners “odsłonili the secrets of exotic States of matter, they opened the door to a previously unknown world where matter can such fancy United to take.”

the winners of the used mathematical methods to study these States of matter like superconductors, conductive electric current without resistance, devoid of viscosity of superfluid matter or thin layers of magnetic. As stressed by the Academy, thanks to their innovative work it is possible to further search for new and exotic States of matter, the possible gains in materiałoznawstwie and electronics.

tegotocznego Winners of the Nobel prize in physics /ANDERS WIKLUND /PAP/EPA

With the help of topological methods describing properties of objects that do not change continuously but by leaps and bounds, Kosterlitz and Thouless denied in the 70-ies. the theory that phenomena of superconductivity and nadciekłości not occur in thin layers. They also showed how nadprzewodnictwo appears at low temperatures and explained the mechanism of the phase transition, which makes that disappears at temperatures above. In the 80-ies of the Thouless explained is observed in very thin conductive layers effect where the conductivity was observed as a multiple of integers. At the same time about Duncan Haldane have found that topological methods can be used to describe the intellectual chains “small magnets”, observed in some materials.

At the moment physics knows many topological States, not only in thin layers of materials, but also fully three-dimensional version. Recent studies aimed at the discovery of this type of materials that can be use in electronics, in the creation of new superconducting materials or in the construction of quantum computers.

a Week the Nobel prize went yesterday. Noted in medicine and physiology was Japanese Yoshinoro Ohsumi. Professor, University of Tokyo he received the award for discoveries concerning the process of autophagy, the method by which cells clean the interior of dead or damaged elements.

Noble przyzawane of 1901 Paul Swallow /PAP

Tomorrow we will know the winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry, on Friday, the Norwegian Nobel Committee will announce the Nobel peace Prize laureate, on Monday, 10 October, in Stockholm, we learn of the Nobel Prize in Economics.

this year’s Nobel Prize in literature indicated a very late only on Thursday, October 13. As it turned out, Friday, Per Waestberg of the Swedish Academy, it is only with the ritual work of the Academy and “mathematics calendar”. Denied that the delays were related to difficulties in reaching a compromise. Our meetings are violent, very rarely do we take the decision unanimously, ” he said, declining to provide details.

^(mpw)