-> ,validPeriod= Turkey. The coup ended (MURAD Sezer / REUTERS / REUTERS) 1 -> Similar motivations have All sorts of military in Turkey who changed the course of history of the country over the past century. It ended for them differently. Some are waiting for the glory and the transition to the story, other - gallows. At the moment, there are indications that Friday putschists waiting rather the latter fate. The army as a pillar of the State the army in Turkey's history has played since the days of the Ottoman empire dominant role in politics, because it is an army in the past sultans owed its power. The price of connected areas - the Middle East, North Africa and Europe - were big losses and their own strained state budget. The Turks therefore act with a population of occupied countries is essential - piling draconian taxes, fear and terror have tried to destroy in the bud potential uprising and the losses in their own ranks make up forced recruitment into the army even eight-year boys from Christian families. With successive military successes growing military importance. Meanwhile, more and more apparent became the lack of reform - administration in the nineteenth century was the empire of archaic and maintenance of peace in the rebellious provinces increasingly difficult. Profound changes in the State intended to introduce the Sultan Mahmud II, but resisted this influence janissaries. Sultan dealt thus with them in the only way known to him - in June 1826. Sent artillery barracks, where they were sitting. Cannon volleys in the five hours wybiły Janissaries to the ground. Mahmoud II was able to initiate some reforms, but the situation empire became increasingly difficult. You shrank as a result of conflicts with Russia (on its behalf gave dominion over Serbia), as well as with Britain, France and Austria. These countries have forced in the second half of the nineteenth century reforms successor Mahumda II - Abdul Abdülmecidzie II, who equated the rights of all the inhabitants of the empire, opening for them to schools, offices and army. New levies do not like the military, who feared a loss of power. In the following decades, more and more gave a misery nationalism, especially that Turkey was losing another territory. hotbed of rebellion against authority were military schools, where young officers frantically discussed the future of Turkey. One such brilliant, energetic officers was Lieutenant Mustafa Kemal, who the Turkish parliament gave in 1934. Surname Atatürk (which means "father of the Turks") and prohibited the use of it in the future by anyone else (wherein his name is called in the airport of Istanbul, which was seized on Friday by the putschists.) for the military, including Ataturk, the chance to make changes came in 1914. with the outbreak of the First world war. In 1923. On the ruins of the Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal (already general) he established the Republic of Turkey. Atatürk from scratch reformed the state, opening them to Europe and introducing the Latin alphabet, the Gregorian calendar, changing the civil, commercial and criminal law. Once enough of the civil authority threaten Atatürk also made another important change - ordered the military renounced function in the army, if you intend to participate in political life, but the order was in operation only on paper. It seemed he realized that power in the country owes to the army. In subsequent years, they came to power parties, supported by army officers or leaders. Dissatisfaction with the policy pursued by the parties was competitive in the coming decades of the twentieth century, one of the reasons why military coups. This was the first coup in 1960. The official reason was the deteriorating economic situation of the country. The money from the Marshall Plan has just ended, and the government of Adnan Menderes had no other idea than call the army for help against rebellious because of poverty Turks. But Menderes was never a favorite of the military - he remembered that he had been expelled from the party founded by Ataturk's Republican People in 1945. When plotted against the leader. Few have helped Menderesowi conversation with sympathetic with the high officers. Most of the command was in fact opposed to him. It stopped also expect that in 1952. Menderes introduced the country to NATO. The military realized that Turkey is in NATO as a client, not a partner (the Americans were installing there its nuclear warheads without asking the Turks for permission later in the same way they dismantled during the Cuban Missile Crisis). the end of the rule of Menderes that to maintain power even resorted to incitement against the Turks living in the land of the Greeks, the growing chaos in the country. The army Convinced of its mission of guarding the governance built by Atatürk, overthrew the government of another decade later. As a result of the war in Vietnam, and also because of the escalating fighting the Kurds for autonomy grew troops leftist militias. The government of the then Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel stopped control of the situation. In 1971. Sufficed only the announcement of the coup, reas- surances writing to Demirel by the military to Prime Minister resigned. When Demirel returned to power in the second half of the 70s, the situation began to deteriorate even further. In August of 1980. As a result of fighting between the police and the armed militias Marxist killed 15 thousand. people. A month later, the army again took over the rule in the country. With each assassination Turkey moving away from democracy. Freedom of speech in the country only valid as of 1993., When the state abolished the monopoly on granting concessions to the media. "Restoring order" also accompanied the arrest of journalists, politicians and purges in the military. The last time the army threatened to power in 2007. When the president was to be Abdullah Gul. Army did not like that his policy would be too proislamska and threaten the idea of the secular state established by Ataturk. A veiled threat of assassination was placed on the website of the ministry of defense. As a result, Turkey has carried out a new election. Now repression hit the army Recep Tayyip Erdogan well aware of the importance of the army. In 2008., Even as Prime Minister, he decided to deal with it. He stated that the military are behind the coup attempt. It was about the so-called. Ergenekon case - army accused of planning a large-scale acts of terrorism that took expose the weakness of the government and as a result create a pretext under military intervention. The government sent behind bars many senior commanders and the entire army went deep cleansing. Erdogan calling conspiracy attributed Fethulahowi Güllenowi, Turkish influential thinker, who in the late 90s fled to the United States. This time also accuses him of attempted assassination. Politically, it is on this hand: Gullen already in the 80s supported the military coup, considering that if not for the army, the country pogrążyłby chaos. Friday's attempt to overthrow the government puts a lot of questions, the answers to which we You never know. Attempting to overthrow the government proceeded in a manner far different from this, as in the past worked army. First of all, the coup was not supported themselves Turks. In 1960. On the streets of Istanbul, many residents greeted the soldiers with relief, but on Friday enraged Turks themselves talked with the soldiers, driving off to their barracks, some linczując. Coup attempts also did not support any of the opposition parties. The fact that the climate is not to overthrow the government was also evidenced by the situation in the army - most commands not supported intervention. This gives the arguments of the supporters of the theory that the authorities could themselves sprokurować alleged coup to tighten the loop and strengthen autocratic governments. However, there is no evidence to support this thesis. No matter what was the cause of the failed coup, Erdogan probably and so strengthen his powers. Thanks to Friday's events Turkey does not arrive democracy. Already, under the pretext of increasing terrorism in the country thrown into jail journalists, is also limited freedom of public assembly, deprived of jobs almost 3 thousand. judges. Now Erdogan probably would deal with the army, in which long no one will think of overthrowing the president. Anything good after that expect not to be. It should be remembered that many Turks supports the ongoing activities of Erdogan, recognizing it as a guarantor of order. Tucking behind the bars of their opponents and shutting him hostile editorial proceed exactly as in the past when military coups - as they explained that the country restore peace and stability. Subscribe to digital Electoral available through the internet, phone, tablet and e-book reader, from 19.90 per month To assess Login or zarejestrujX
Why so much look for?
Except that this article, like all the others, does not answer the basic questions: 1
. How is it that even three years ago, hundreds of thousands to the streets of Istanbul after the "scandal park Ghezi," and now this bastion of liberals came crowds of fans Erdogan and zero opposition supporters?
2. And why is the opposition, which was gagging and broken wheel by Erdogan, his preferred from the Kemalist army?
3. Why does the opposition not afraid of it, now that Erdogan simply wipe it from the face of the earth? (Because he knows probably better than us, that awaits the guillotine)
Western experts suspect that this coup is ustawka to strengthen the power of Erdogan